What is toxic leadership?

• A. Self centered attitudes, motivations and behaviors that have adverse effects on subordinates, the organization, and mission performance.
• B. Leading by example and inspiring others.
• C. Ensuring safety through strict compliance.
• D. Communicating often and clearly.

Answer: (A)

Toxic leadership is leadership characterized by self-centered attitudes, motivations, and behaviors that have adverse effects on subordinates, the organization, and mission performance. It means the leader puts their own needs first, may abuse power, and engages in actions like manipulation, blame-shifting, and unethical decisions that damage trust, morale, and effectiveness. This pattern undermines followers’ development, erodes cohesion, and can threaten safety and outcomes.

The other described approaches reflect constructive leadership. Leading by example and inspiring others builds trust and motivation, not harm. Striving for safety through strict compliance is about enforcing rules to protect people and operations, which is not itself toxic unless done in a way that harms others. Communicating often and clearly supports understanding and engagement. So, the description that emphasizes self-interest and harmful impact best fits the concept of toxic leadership.